Chemistry in Pictures: Bugs make buckyballs

Since brochosomes were first discovered coating leafhoppers’ exoskeleton, their unique buckyball shape has puzzled scientists. Why expend precious energy to make such trypophobia-inducing structures (let’s call them “buggy-balls”) like those in the SEM image above? To find an answer, a team at Pennsylvania State University led by Tak-Sing Wong replicated the hollow particles using a specialized 3D printer. Although the synthetic versions (below) are about 50 times larger than their natural counterparts, the team was able to use their homemade buggy-balls to determine how the structures interact with light and infer why insects would make something so complex.

It comes down to scattering and absorbing light. The size of natural brochosomes diffuses visible light, making the bug look dull. But the holes are the real novelty. Their size only allows ultraviolet light into the balls’ center cavities. In there, the light bounces around, trapped. Because matte leaves also absorb a lot of UV light, the buggy-balls allow leafhoppers to blend in to their home, avoiding predators that can see both visible and UV light.

Credit: Lin Wang and Tak-Sing Wong. Read their full analysis of the bug-made buckyballs in Proclamations of the National Academy of Science, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312700121