Tag: culture

  • Show off your science in Nature’s photo competition

    Show off your science in Nature’s photo competition

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    Nature’s 2024 photo competition is now live, providing a chance to celebrate the diverse, interesting, challenging, striking and colourful work that scientists do around the world.

    Now in its fifth iteration, the competition is open to anyone who isn’t a professional photographer. It’s looking for images that showcase the work that scientists do — anywhere in the world.

    To enter, e-mail your favourite picture to [email protected]. You can also use this address to ask any questions. And feel free to share your entry on social-media platforms X or Instagram with the hashtag #WorkingScientist. All entries must reach us by 00:01, UK time, on 28 March 2024.

    Winners will be chosen by a panel of Nature staff, including representatives of the art and design team. Winning entries will appear in an April print issue and online. As well as being featured, winners will receive a full, year-long personal print and online subscription to Nature, plus £500 (or equivalent in a different currency) in Amazon vouchers; alternatively, we will make a donation of the same amount to a registered charity of your choice.

    We need photos that are of sufficient quality to print — as a general rule, they should be at least 2,000 pixels on their longer edge.

    If you need help or advice, read this feature on how to take great photos, written by one of Nature’s media editors (see ‘Capture the moment’). And check out Nature’s award-winning Where I Work section, a series of photo-led profiles of researchers in their workplaces.

    Capture the moment

    There are no hard and fast rules for taking great photographs, but professional photographers and media editors have some general advice for those who are new to working with a camera.

    • Establish a connection with your subject. Make them feel comfortable for a candid shot.

    • Understand the environment’s light. Use it to bring out detail in the scene.

    • Capitalize on colours. Look for chromatic contrast, union and metaphor in colours.

    • Use a tripod. Tools such as these stabilize your camera and will help to avoid blur or framing mistakes.

    • Find a clean background. A busy background can distract from the subject.

    • Play with camera angles and perspective. Try to be inventive, and look beyond standard ‘stock photography’ images.

    • Photograph at the golden hour when shooting outdoors. A low angle of sunlight often creates warm, diffuse light and interesting shading.

    • Remember the rule of thirds. Split your frame into thirds, and fill some — but not all — of them with your subject.

    • Keep the subject’s eyes in focus. They’re often the best way to bring a viewer close to the subject.

    • Shoot, check, re-compose, re-shoot. Take many photos using different angles and ideas to catch the best one.

    More inspiration might come from the winners of our 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2022 competitions.

    Full terms and conditions can be found in the Supplementary information.

    Good luck, and we look forward to seeing your photos.

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  • 159 days of solitude: how loneliness haunts astronauts

    159 days of solitude: how loneliness haunts astronauts

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    Cady Coleman looking out of the Soyuz.

    In 2010, astronaut Cady Coleman left her husband and young son to go into space.Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

    Space: The Longest Goodbye Greenwich Entertainment Directed by Ido Mizrahy

    Neither NASA nor the Chinese space agency are probably consulting screenwriters as they develop their plans to send humans to the Moon and Mars. But they need to take the problem of astronaut isolation seriously, as director Ido Mizrahy sets out in his heartfelt documentary Space: The Longest Goodbye. Released in cinemas and online this week, this thoughtful film shares first-hand accounts of how leaving family behind can wreak havoc on an astronaut’s well-being.

    Any crewed trip to Mars, for example, will involve up to three years of spaceflight — a sea change in what humans have experienced so far. Russian cosmonaut Valery Polyakov holds the record for the longest-duration spaceflight: 437 consecutive days aboard the Mir space station from January 1994 to March 1995. He and other cosmonauts pioneered the study of how the human body responds to microgravity over time, from bone deterioration to muscle loss and vision changes.

    Yet the psychological impacts of spaceflight are equally important, argues Al Holland, an operational psychologist at the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, who drives much of the narrative for The Longest Goodbye. He and his colleagues studied NASA astronauts who flew on Mir, and used the lessons to try to improve astronauts’ mental health and well-being on board the International Space Station (ISS) during the 1990s. For example, carrying mechanical spare parts on board, which weren’t always stowed on Mir, reduced stress levels because astronauts knew that they had backups in case of an emergency.

    Easing mental strain

    Holland’s team developed ways to lessen the psychological strain of separation, such as by providing twice-weekly audio- or videoconferences between astronauts aboard the ISS and their families, and phone calls home whenever needed. The Longest Goodbye explores these long-distance conversations poignantly, through video recordings shared by Cady Coleman, a NASA astronaut who spent 159 days aboard the ISS in 2010–11.

    As Coleman speaks with her husband and ten-year-old son from orbit, they mimic her, drifting across the screen as they pretend to float in microgravity. In another call, Coleman and her son play a flute duet. But after being separated from his mum for so long, he begins to act up. As she reads a story to him, he gets off the couch and makes faces at the camera. He is often like this just before joining calls with Coleman, her husband tells her. From her screen, Coleman can’t do much more than raise her eyebrows sternly.

    Cady and son speaking while she's on the space station.

    Coleman had frequent videoconferences with her son, but her absence was still hard on both of them.Credit: Cady Coleman

    The video connection breaks up -repeatedly. Coleman cries on camera — a lot. In recent interviews for the film, her son talks about how he didn’t understand why she had to be gone for so long. It is a heartbreaking glimpse into the personal challenges of one of NASA’s most accomplished astronauts, and a warning for anyone thinking about taking a three-year trip to Mars. Being separated from your family for a long journey on Earth is challenging enough; being apart while enduring the unique stresses and dangers of spaceflight is much harder.

    The film illuminates this while following the story of Kayla Barron, a NASA astronaut who flew aboard the ISS from November 2021 to May 2022. Barron is a former submariner who has experienced stressful military deployments, but says that going to space is very different. Just getting to orbit in the first place involves putting yourself atop a flaming rocket, she notes. “It’s the most dangerous thing you’ve ever done, and then you invite all of your family and friends to come watch it.” “My spouse is on top of this ball of fire,” her husband thinks.

    The couple confronts the existential -question of whether, if she dies, she is doing what she wanted to be doing. In one scene, she rushes to shelter in a protected part of the ISS as an errant piece of space debris threatens to hit the station. Her husband sits helplessly at home, frantically trying to get updates.

    Might spacefarers find other ways to -recreate human bonds? European Space Agency astronaut Matthias Maurer, who was on the ISS at the same time as Barron, is shown interacting with an artificial-intelligence assistant. It looks like a floating football and has a screen with a creepily simplified human face. Viewers are likely to be relieved when Maurer packs it away in its storage case.

    Lessons on Earth

    The film also recaps the rescue of 33 -Chilean miners in 2010, who had been trapped during a mine collapse and spent 69 days underground. Holland and other NASA employees advised the Chilean government on how to sustain the miners’ physical and psychological well-being during their extended isolation. They were told to eat and sleep on a strict schedule, and set up an illuminated area so they could transition between ‘day’ and ‘night’ while they awaited rescue. Lessons from space thus helped the miners to survive underground.

    The Longest Goodbye doesn’t describe what might work best for astronauts on their way to Mars. But it does offer a poignant look at the isolation and loss of connection that so many astronauts feel in space, and that many of the rest of us might recognize a little from our own experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Competing Interests

    The author declares no competing interests.

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  • Meet the real-life versions of Dune’s epic sandworms

    Meet the real-life versions of Dune’s epic sandworms

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    The film Dune: Part 2 might feature human actors Timothée Chalamet and Zendaya, but the biggest stars — at least literally — are the sandworms. The sandworms are central to the desert ecosystem of the fictional planet Arrakis, the film’s main setting, and to the culture of its inhabitants, the Fremen. Sandworms live underground and excrete a substance that becomes the all-important drug called spice, and the Fremen ride them like giant sandy freight trains. In the film’s first glamour shot of a sandworm, a house-sized mouth ringed with teeth erupts out of the sand to swallow a whole platoon of soldiers.

    To find out whether the fictional worms in Dune share anything in common with real worms, Nature spoke with palaeontologist Luke Parry at the University of Oxford, UK. He studies worms from the Cambrian and Ordovician periods, which together lasted from roughly 540 million to 443 million years ago.

    Dune’s sandworms can grow to a length of at least 450 metres, about 15 times that of the longest blue whale. How big do real-life worms get?

    There [are] annelid worms that get up to several metres in length called eunicid worms [bristle worms]. They’re pretty gnarly, they have big jaws, they look a bit like Graboids from [the film] Tremors. Some of them are ambush predators. They eat octopuses, squid, vertebrates.

    There are some earthworms that get really big as well. Megascolides [reaches] up to 2 metres. The biggest ones are from Australia.

    A Bobbit worm (Eunice aphroditois) in the sand in Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.

    The ambush predator called the bobbit worm (Eunice aphroditois) can reach 3 metres in length.Credit: Constantinos Petrinos/Nature Picture Library

    Do any of them have teeth?

    The worms in Dune have lots of teeth around their mouths, and that’s what the Fremen use to make their crysknives. There are worms like that, [called] priapulids. These are the sorts that were making those first complex burrows in the early Cambrian. They use all of these teeth, called scalids, on a proboscis to drag themselves through burrows. Alitta worms — sandworms — and ragworms have teeth for catching prey. Some leeches have teeth.

    The sandworms in Dune have totally changed their planet by excreting the valuable drug called spice, making the weird blue liquid called the Water of Life and other more. Have worms on Earth changed our planet?

    Worms [on Earth] were responsible for burrowing into sediments over half a billion years ago and changing marine ecosystems forever. It’s part of what we call the Cambrian explosion, one of the most profound changes on the planet.

    Before the advent of worms, the sea floor would have been smothered with what are called microbial mats. All the sediment would have been anoxic [without oxygen]. If you’ve ever gone swimming in a river or a lake and it’s muddy and you plunge your foot into it, and it’s smelly and anoxic, that’s basically what the entire sea floor environment would have been around the world.

    Then all of a sudden, some animals evolve a wormy body plan that allows them to move in three dimensions. They start burrowing into sediments, and that means that oxygen can get into the sediments and complex animal life can live there. It opens up new ways of making a living. Worms are part of this fundamental restructuring of the world.

    When the Fremen in Dune want to ride a sandworm, they summon one with a device called a thumper that drums the ground. Do real worms sense vibrations?

    Yeah, a common thing that birds do for catching earthworms is drumming on the ground, to bring them to the surface of the soil. Seagulls do it. Unfortunately, I don’t think the seagulls ride around on them.

    If you were the right size to ride on a worm, do you think it would be similar to riding a sandworm in Dune?

    It depends what sort of worm it was and where it was going. There are lots that crawl around on the surface of sediments — maybe you could ride those around. For worms that burrow, I think you’d find it quite uncomfortable and confining.

    Any other favorite worm facts?

    There are about 30 animal body plans — what we call the animal phyla, the big groups that we chop up animal diversity into — and [more than half] of them are worms. It’s a really good, versatile way of making a living. Lots of things that didn’t start off as worms just become worms. There are groups of lizards that lose their limbs, like snakes and amphisbaenians, worm lizards. There are worms that live in hydrothermal vents in the deep sea.

    How do you feel about having the organisms you study portrayed on screen?

    I think it’s awesome. Although there’s nothing like the worm in Dune that’s alive today, some of the things that it does, or some of the ways it looks, are actually like some of these really unfamiliar organisms that we find in the ocean. If a handful of people find out about those animals as a result of watching Dune, I think that’s awesome, because these things are — life is — amazing and diverse.

    This interview has been edited for length and clarity.

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  • The enigmas of language and immunology, and other reads: Books in brief

    The enigmas of language and immunology, and other reads: Books in brief

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    Why Animals Talk

    Arik Kershenbaum Viking (2024)

    Are humans the only animals with a language? asks zoologist Arik Kershenbaum. Laboratory studies of animals suggest we are. But analyses of animals in the wild produce a more complex answer, Kershenbaum argues in this highly readable book, based on field investigations globally. Its seven chapters consider communication in wolves, dolphins, parrots, hyraxes, gibbons, chimpanzees and humans. Maybe the difference between human communication and that of other animals is one of degree, rather than kind, he proposes.

    The Logic of Immunity

    B. J. Cherayil John Hopkins Univ. Press (2024)

    Vaccines against diseases such as smallpox are perhaps some of medicine’s greatest triumphs. But, writes physician-scientist B. J. Cherayil, the immunology underlying vaccination still puzzles both specialists and the public because of its unpredictability. In his book, motivated by COVID-19, he describes the human immune system with elegant clarity and explains the “exponential” advances in understanding brought about over his decades of research, but admits that we still don’t know why immunity protects only some people.

    Capitalism and Crises

    Colin Mayer Oxford Univ. Press (2024)

    As a professor of management studies, Colin Mayer has long explored capitalism’s effect on business, government and society. Despite recognizing its benefits, he suggests that capitalism causes “terrible suffering, disasters, inequality, environmental degradation, and social exclusion”, because profits come from “causing as well as solving problems”. His hard-hitting analysis argues that, although capitalists embrace Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations (1776), they have unwisely disregarded his 1759 book The Theory of Moral Sentiments.

    Moral AI

    Jana Schaich Borg et al. Pelican (2024)

    The industrialization of machines in the nineteenth century and of chemicals in the twentieth century led to both gains and disasters. Artificial intelligence (AI) will produce even more complex effects, argue three interdisciplinary researchers. Indeed, they introduce their book’s stimulating analysis of moral dilemmas in AI with snippets of both good and bad AI-related news — from the worlds of art, environment, investment, law, media, medicine, the military, politics and more. AI “deserves both pessimism and optimism”, they note.

    Invisible No More

    Eds Raymond Foxworth & Steve Dubb Island (2023)

    In the film Oppenheimer, J. Robert Oppenheimer proposes in late 1945 that Los Alamos be returned “to the Indians” — and then-US president Harry Truman laughs. “Often, Native Americans have been treated as vestiges of the past, not living people,” notes Steve Dubb, who edited this collection with Raymond Foxworth, a citizen of the Navajo Nation. Native American leaders write about philanthropy, climate justice and economics, including how Yosemite National Park’s Native residents were expelled “in the name of conservation”.

    Competing Interests

    The author declares no competing interests.

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  • Eyes on history

    Eyes on history

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    A turn and the Dial displaces Aleksandre and Jules through time. The paved road is layers of muck. Horse manure steams in a fine mist. It’s too early. With his debts, Aleksandre can’t have an unhappy tourist, and if he doesn’t fulfil the assignment, someone less kind will. He readjusts. Walls appear, weather and wear. The dome of St Catherine’s blushes with every sunset. Monks dance. Silver crosses dangle from their chains, flickering twilight shafts of trapped daylight. Another turn and they’re in the mid-twentieth century, when prayers turn to screams and church stone becomes the Sukhanovka. The monks vanish, they haven’t been born. It’s good ghosts don’t exist. The dead won’t know Aleksandre is a reluctant tour guide helping tourists get off on the past.

    Engines running, fumes spouting, prisoners are shoved from the black marias.

    “It’s like we’re here

    with
    them,” Jules says. History plays out like a movie.

    The subject of historical interest stumbles out, bruised waist-down from early labour and waist-up from her arrest.

    In training, Aleksandre thought he would be a steward of history. Each tourist proves him wrong.

    They follow the prisoners in for processing.

    Inside: guards yell, prisoners mumble, weak pipes weep.

    Jules wants a tour. Aleksandre must oblige. They go to the private cells first. The windows are muzzled and thick-glassed so that to tell the time by natural light it is always twilight perceived or darkness descended; it is always eternity.

    Next, the punishment cells, where a man is trussed. His breathing is slow and sore. When Jules turns to leave, Aleksandre whispers futile words of comfort to the man who can’t hear him.

    They tour the hot cells, a special feature in this prison. Hell spits from vents, showering the room in searing heat even when the winters are cold enough to win wars.

    They peek into the tiny isolation box, where prisoners have no room to stand.

    “Can you imagine?” Jules tries to hide a smile.

    The Dial makes imagining unnecessary.

    Last, they return to the main subject. Her interrogator holds a handkerchief over his face to stamp out the thick stench. He pushes papers for her to sign. She must sign, lie and betray everyone she knows. Her reward will be freedom into a cell’s cold comfort. Then more false confessions.

    “My baby?” she dares ask.

    The interrogator laughs and removes a tool from his jacket. In a decade, he’ll be in a room like this one, accused of treason himself and stripped of his medals. A small justice.

    “What happened to her kid?” Jules asks, as if she didn’t choose this subject, pregnancy and gulag, at random.

    “Orphanages weren’t kind during the famines.” Aleksandre hopes it doesn’t give her ideas.

    The papers reveal her name: Ekaterina Yureyivna Kozala. Aleksandre won’t tell Jules. He can help Ekaterina keep this much of her dignity without risking protocol.

    He knows he should do more. Aleksandre lets the Dial slip. Hopes Jules can see the person mistaken for entertainment. It means his own time will be unpaused and lost to undocumented time travelled. What’s a few years for his soul?

    “It was just about to start!” Jules says.

    Ekaterina’s full name makes her easier to find across time. She’s catching snowflakes on her tongue.

    “I’m bored,” Jules says, threatens.

    Aleksandre can’t make her stay or see. He time corrects, hoping Jules won’t mention this in her review.

    On fast forward, the girl twirls and fades into vapour until she’s again the woman in the chair.

    Jules sits as one with Ekaterina, their four knees shaking. The interrogator forces the tool under their nails.

    Jules covers her face as though she can feel Ekaterina’s pain.

    “We can tour a happier time —” Aleksandre hopes again.

    “No, just tell me what happens.”

    As tour guide, Aleksandre doesn’t have the luxury to turn away. Witnessing his discomfort is another perverted pleasure for Jules.

    “Well?” she says.

    “Well …” Aleksandre tells all, fighting to keep his voice steady, to keep his eyes dry. Tells of Ekaterina’s loyalty. Jules will remember how she broke; Aleksandre will remember her resistance.

    Peeking through gaps in her fingers, Jules releases a cathartic sob. “She’d have wanted me here.”

    “She doesn’t know you exist,” Aleksandre says. It’s the least he can do. Tourists always make excuses for why they watch the past for tear-jerker porn.

    Jules leaves the tour satisfied. Aleksandre offers to let her hear Mozart in concert, to see cures discovered, anything else. She wants to witness the sinking of the

    Titanic
    next.

    After hours, Aleksandre breaks his oath to the service and travels back despite the years he’ll lose.

    He finds Ekaterina young and free, her hair crowned with dandelion heads. She sings to an audience of wheat stalks. The tourists would gorge on this, too, so their cries at her end would be fuller. It’s not why he’s here. He needs to restore these bits of dignity for her sake and his own, else the tours will make him bitter and time-mad like the other Diallers.

    Aleksandre lets the Dial work its way forward slowly. It is the late twentieth century, just before the monks’ restoration, when the worst is too fresh to forget and too raw to repeat.

    The church is abandoned, its field untended and overgrown. Winter’s first flakes fall in a wail to fill the empty space. Knees aching, Aleksandre sings Ekaterina’s song into the same broken windows that once dimmed light and the passage of time. Song and snow suffocate the Sukhanovka and its blushing dome.

    Earth, asphalt and elbow grease is all it will take for the monks to bleach history out of the cellars. Cover up what it had once been. Stone stands, amnesiac and crackling in the frost. Aleksandre will remember, for Ekaterina and all those ghosts who don’t exist, and time moves on.

    The story behind the story


    Yelena Crane reveals the inspiration behind


    Eyes on history
    .

    Since the Russian–Ukrainian war, I’ve been reading a lot of depressing literature on the gulags of the Soviet Union. In learning about such a painful subject, I wanted to explore the trap many writers and other entertainment media fall into of fetishizing torture and trauma when trying to shed a light on history. My attempt with

    Eyes on history
    is to speak about the horrific aspects of this largely forgotten piece of Soviet history (gulags persist to this day!) and the exploitation of historical trauma in which narratives of injustice get commodified, turned into entertainment or feel-good stories, and perpetuate a cycle of exploitation. Is there a way to stop this and still learn from history’s mistakes? I don’t know, but I think we’re moving in the right direction by asking the question.

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  • China’s next cultural export could be TikTok-style short soap operas

    China’s next cultural export could be TikTok-style short soap operas

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    Web novels are a unique form of literature that has been popular on the Chinese internet for much of the last two decades: long stories that are written and posted chapter by chapter every day. Each chapter can be read in less than 10 minutes, but installments will keep being added for months if not years. Readers become avid fans, waiting for the new chapter to come out every day and paying a few cents to access it.

    While some talented Chinese book authors got their big break by writing web novels, the majority of these works are the popcorn of literature, offering daily bite-size dopamine hits. For a while in the 2010s, some found an audience overseas too, with Chinese companies setting up websites to translate web novels into English.

    But in the age of TikTok, long text posts have become less popular online, and the web-novel industry is looking to pivot. Business executives have realized they can adapt these novels into super-short dramas. Both forms aim for the same market: people who want something quick to kill time in their commute, or during breaks and lunch.

    Many of the leading Chinese short-drama apps today work closely with Chinese web-novel companies. ReelShort is partially owned by COL Group, one of the largest digital publishers in China, with a treasure trove of novels that are ready for adaptation.

    Poster of the short drama "Mr. Williams! Madame Is Dying," showing the two protaganists.
    Poster of the short drama Mr. Williams! Madame Is Dying.

    COURTESY OF FLEXTV

    To get a quick sense of what these stories are like, you just need to take a look at their titles: President’s Sexy Wife, The Bride of the Wolf King, Boss Behind the Scenes Is My Husband, or The New Rich Family Grudge.

    One of the highest-grossing shows on FlexTV is called Mr. Williams! Madame Is Dying. It’s a corny romance story about a love triangle, ultra-rich families, cancer, rebirth, and redemption, and it was adapted from a Chinese web novel that has nearly 1,300 chapters. The original story has been turned into a Chinese short drama, but FlexTV decided to shoot another version in Los Angeles for an international audience.

    These short dramas prioritize quick, oversimplified stories of love, wealth, betrayal, and revenge, sometimes featuring mythical creatures like vampires and werewolves. Stories of marrying into a rich family attract men, while stories with a powerful female protagonist in control of her life appeal to women, says Gao, the COO of FlexTV. 

    “Quibi mostly served the [artistic] pursuits of directors and producers. They thought their tastes were better than the general public and their work was to be appreciated by the elites,” he says, “What we are making is more like fast-moving consumer goods. It’s rooted in the needs of ordinary users.”

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  • Wise Animals review: Exploring the entwined worlds of humans and tech

    Wise Animals review: Exploring the entwined worlds of humans and tech

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    SHIBUYA, TOKYO, JAPAN-April 15, 2018: Crowds crossing Shibuya scramble crossing, the famous intersection in Tokyo out side Shibuya station, at night.; Shutterstock ID 1088019044; purchase_order: -; job: -; client: -; other: -

    Every part of our lives is a result of humans co-evolving with tech

    Shutterstock/interstid

    Wise Animals
    Tom Chatfield (Pan Macmillan)

    IN 1770, inventor Wolfgang von Kempelen claimed to have created a machine that could skilfully play chess against human opponents. Known as the Mechanical Turk, his contraption defeated many challengers, including Napoleon Bonaparte and Benjamin Franklin, and caused much amazement and debate about how it worked. It was eventually exposed as a hoax, however, with a human chess master hiding inside.

    The Mechanical Turk raises intriguing questions about how humans perceive technology,…

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  • Supercommunicators review: Learning how to change deeply held beliefs

    Supercommunicators review: Learning how to change deeply held beliefs

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    In Charles Duhigg’s new book, we discover why some people are great at getting others to alter entrenched views, where conversation fits in and how neuroscience underpins it all

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  • Constellation review: Thriller’s science frustrates but it looks great

    Constellation review: Thriller’s science frustrates but it looks great

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    Rosie/Davina Coleman and Noomi Rapace in "Constellation,"

    Astronaut Jo (Noomi Rapace) with daughter Alice (Davina Coleman)

    Apple TV+

    Constellation
    Michelle MacLaren, Oliver Hirschbiegel, Joseph Cedar
    Apple TV+

    WHAT kind of life would you rather have: one filled with ecstatic highs and dizzying lows, or one of middling satisfaction, free from disappointment?

    I suspect most astronauts would opt for the former, while risk-averse normies like me plump for the latter. I ask because I find myself fixated on a series about an astronaut, a show of such varying quality that it frustrated and delighted me by turns.

    Constellation, an eight-parter…

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  • A Startup’s Mission to Bring Back the Woolly Mammoth Is Being Made Into a Docuseries

    A Startup’s Mission to Bring Back the Woolly Mammoth Is Being Made Into a Docuseries

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    Reed: It doesn’t feel like an odd choice for us. It’s a bit disruptive and, in trust, that’s the sort of thing we’re interested in, and I think that’s the sort of thing people need and the industry needs.

    People need something more from nature documentaries?

    Reed: I think so. We’re in a period where you could keep looking at the natural world in the same way, or we can look at something in a completely different way. And even if it’s not for everybody, it just makes us look at something in a different way, and that can only be good.

    I suppose any documentary on de-extinction is about the natural world, but it’s also one where human intervention is totally central. It’s a different way of relating to nature.

    Reed: Exactly. It’s intervention, isn’t it? It’s assuming a different role. It’s an active way of addressing arguably some of the same challenges. Whether it’s right or wrong, or whether people get behind it or they don’t is going to be really interesting, but I think for us, it’s that alternative way of doing things that is going to be the exciting thing to document.

    If Colossal is successful at gene-editing Asian elephants to create a mammoth-like creature, then there’s a good chance you might be present at a pretty remarkable moment in the history of conservation.

    Reed: Absolutely. There are lots of practical things to think about, like how to make a TV program out of this. But I think all of us on the team, however open-minded and objective we are about what it means, there is of course some personal excitement that something that’s never happened before is going to happen. And that we have the privilege of being there and being able to document it.

    Ben, if everything goes to plan, you’ll need somewhere to put those animals. In the past, the startup spoke about Pleistocene Park in Siberia as a potential rewilding location. Has the situation changed there, given Russia’s war in Ukraine?

    Lamm: So we love [Pleistocene Park scientists] Sergey and Nikita [Zimov]. They’re great, and I think the world owes them a debt of gratitude for bringing awareness to the melting permafrost issue. We are not actively working with them because of the conflict right now.

    But elephants take around 13 years to get to sexual maturity, so even if we had mammoths today, we wouldn’t just open the gates and say, “Good luck out in the Arctic.” It’s a very gated, thoughtful process, so I am hopeful that we will get past a lot of the geopolitics that the world’s still in. And I’m hoping that Russia, as well as the rest of the Arctic Circle, will be great locations. But you know, that’s one of the many things we don’t have control over.

    Have you had any interest in the docuseries from distributors?

    Lamm: We have a production partner in Teton Ridge. Out of full transparency, one of our investors [Thomas Tull] is the founder of Teton Ridge. But they will not be our distributor.

    In addition to production partners, there’s also been a lot of interest from all the big media companies. You know who all of the big streamers are. All of them have been very excited about partnering. Right now we’ve just let James and his team run his creative process, and at some point we’ll go out and have a third-party independent partner on it.

    Reed: I’m confident there will be interest. It’s an obviously interesting story, and I think we’re an interesting team to make it.

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