Tag: culture

  • Enlightenment review: Sarah Perry has written a moving story of life, love and astronomy

    Enlightenment review: Sarah Perry has written a moving story of life, love and astronomy

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    Mandatory Credit: Photo by Phil Ball/Shutterstock (356629a) HALE BOPP COMET COMET HALE BOPP

    Comet Hale-Bopp was visible with the naked eye as it passed Earth in 1997

    Phil Ball/Shutterstock

    Enlightenment
    Sarah Perry (Jonathan Cape)

    SARAH PERRY is a writer most famous for The Essex Serpent, recently made into a high-end TV show on Apple TV+. Perry, being neither a sci-fi author nor a science writer, has until now given us no cause to include her on these pages. Her new novel, Enlightenment, however… the clue is in the title.

    In this gorgeously written, witty and very moving novel, our hero Thomas Hart is a man…

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  • Tashni’s first tunnel

    Tashni’s first tunnel

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    “So how was your first day of …”

    But she never made it to the end of her sentence.

    “Mum! There are Larvacians at our school! Larvacians!”

    Vice-Admiral Amelia Shaw looked down at her son’s beaming face, and couldn’t help smiling back. Sure, she saw Larvacians every day, because their ships landed and departed from her base. But the excitement of a six-year-old is irresistible.

    “Really? Did you get to meet them today?”

    “There are three in my class. Their names are An-shouk and Tashni and Blansht. And Tashni sits right behind me.”

    “Did you say hi to them?”

    “Well, kind of. Everyone had to stand up and introduce themselves. And I brought my green rock. And I did like we practised. And I told everyone my name and that I like to collect rocks. And …”

    She gave him a hug. It was a big step for a very shy boy. But all the silence and shyness of the day evaporated when he was around her, and as they walked home, his day spilled out of him in hundreds of breathless sentences.

    It was good news about the Larvacian kids. Yes, everything had changed when contact was established with the Larvacian civilization. But the shock soon gave way to pragmatism. After a few years, the first embassies were built. Then, a few years later, a handful of multinationals started setting up offices off-planet. Before long, whole families started making the long trip to be together.

    Now, she thought, interstellar diplomacy would play out in boardrooms and government buildings, and on playgrounds, too.

    The playgrounds had been a surprise for everyone. With their tails and claws and segmented carapaces, Larvacians didn’t look like they would love swings and slides.

    And they didn’t.

    But as long as there was a sandbox, they would contentedly scrape patterns in the sand. And as they grew older, they would start to burrow, driven by the same instincts that led their ancestors to carve out the vast subterranean cities of Larvacia.

    *****

    Dear Vice-Admiral Shaw,

    Thank you for visiting us earlier this week.

    We have now scheduled meetings with the parents of all the boys involved and will be closely monitoring the situation. As we explained, we have zero tolerance for this type of behaviour in our school, and we are striving to ensure an environment that makes everyone feel safe and welcome.

    We will be updating you on the situation as things progress, and our staff are available at all times if you have any questions.

    With best regards,

    Rector Windrop

    *****

    “I’m not hungry.”

    Shaw sat down on the bed next to her son, and looked out the window at the rain steadily falling on the azaleas. The silence stretched, and he continued with his book. On the cover, a man in a spacesuit was crouching behind a rock, with a look of determination on his face, laser gun in hand, and an aesthetic scratch on his upper cheek.

    But laser guns don’t look anything like that! Shaw thought, but she kept it to herself.

    Instead, she put her hand on his knee, searching for a topic. “I heard today that Larvacia will be sending a royal delegation next month. The Crown Regent will be coming.”

    He put down the book, and she saw that he had been tightly clasping the green rock in his hand the whole time.

    “So, will you be going? Is Uncle Sam going to come take care of me?”

    “Actually, I’m going to check if you can join me this time. Let me see what I can do.”

    Finally, some energy started to come back to his face, and a smile spread across his face.

    “Really?! Do you think I can?”

    “I’m going to try, but I can’t promise anything. Now let’s go have some food and get you to school.”

    The smile evaporated and his voice went flat. Too fast, she thought.

    “I don’t want to go to school.”

    “But your teachers miss you. And everything is going to be different now.”

    No answer.

    “Do the boys pick on the Larvacians too?”

    “No. They used to, but the Larvacians didn’t seem to even understand what was happening.”

    “Tashni’s parents got in touch with me last week. They were asking about you too. Everyone’s worried about you.”

    More silence. More rain.

    *****

    After his mother left, he put the book down and went to look out the window. He placed his cheek against the cool glass, and listened to the raindrops.

    But then, at the base of the azalea bush, he saw something that hadn’t been there before. The opening of a small Larvacian tunnel and, just in front of its entrance, a blue rock. A beautiful one. Maybe an agate? Or a lazurite?

    He opened the window, leaned out into the rain and retrieved the rock. It was cool and wet from being outdoors, and it felt good in his hand.

    He lay back on the bed, and realized he was crying. Later, he walked to the doorway, then up the stairs, and called out to his mother.

    “Mum? I think I’m hungry after all.”

    The story behind the story

    Robert Blasiak reveals the inspiration behind Tashni’s first tunnel.

    There’s an old Gordon Lightfoot song about rainy-day people. People who listen, who care, who absorb the world around them — and who know when they are needed. I’m lucky to have rainy-day friends in my life. When I wrote this story, I was thinking about my children and how my heart swells whenever I see them showing strength and courage. When I see them receiving love from their friends. When I see them giving it. And hoping that one day, when it seems that no one understands and no one cares, that a rainy-day friend will. And if their rainy-day friends are cool, burrowing aliens, even better.

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  • From multiverses to cities: Books in brief

    From multiverses to cities: Books in brief

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    The Allure of the Multiverse

    Paul Halpern Basic (2024)

    The term ‘multiverse’ was coined in the 1890s by philosopher and psychologist William James, to describe a cosmos without distinction between right and wrong. Decades later, the word entered physics, owing to the 1950s many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. Today, it is a source of controversy, says US physicist Paul Halpern. The multiverse, “with realms beyond direct detection”, seems “antithetical to the goal of testability”. But whether right or wrong, debating it is scientifically productive, Halpern maintains.

    Unshrinking

    Kate Manne Crown (2024)

    Researchers at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, studied the prevalence of six forms of implicit bias, and found that, from 2007 to 2016, fatphobia was the only one to worsen. As philosopher Kate Manne notes, fatphobia regards fatter bodies as being inferior to thinner bodies, “in terms of not only our health but also our moral, sexual and intellectual status”. She spent most of her life trying to lose weight, until finally deciding to live as she wanted to. Her personal, unshrinking call to action should be widely read.

    Not the End of the World

    Hannah Ritchie Little Brown Spark (2024)

    During her environmental-geoscience degree, data scientist Hannah Ritchie learnt about an endless series of depressing trends in global warming, ocean acidification and more. But now, as deputy editor of the online publication Our World in Data, she finds reasons for hope, as she explains in this fundamentally optimistic book on increasing sustainability. For example, global deforestation has been declining since the 1980s. She calls herself a “misfit scientist” because her team, rather than “zooming into a problem”, learns by “zooming out”.

    2020

    Eric Klinenberg Bodley Head (2024)

    In 2020, New York City had the highest incidence of COVID-19 cases and fatalities of all cities. A “terrible misfortune”, comments sociologist Eric Klinenberg, but a “blessing” for his research. His analytical yet moving account of the pandemic centres on the city but interweaves global evidence, drawing on virology, economics, sociology and the personal stories of seven individuals from five New York City boroughs. Its conclusion is disturbing: COVID-19 did not help the United States to “rediscover its better, more collective self”.

    The Weirdness of the World

    Eric Schwitzgebel Princeton Univ. Press (2024)

    “The universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose,” remarked biologist J. B. S. Haldane. Philosopher Eric Schwitzgebel, paraphrasing Haldane, agrees. He opens: “The world is weird — deeply, pervasively so, weird to its core”. His entertaining book of philosophy and science considers three topics: the cosmos’s fundamental structure, the place of human consciousness in it and what humans should value. But he does not claim to offer definite answers.

    Competing Interests

    The author declares no competing interests.

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  • Smarty plants? Controversial plant-intelligence studies explored in new book

    Smarty plants? Controversial plant-intelligence studies explored in new book

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    The Light Eaters: How the Unseen World of Plant Intelligence Offers a New Understanding of Life on Earth Zoë Schlanger Harper (2024)

    During the COVID-19 pandemic, while people were tucked away in their homes, a love for house plants spread at the same time as the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Journalist Zoë Schlanger was one of the people drawn to plants. Having spent years reporting on climate change and environmental pollution, as well as its associated health effects, she wanted to engage with something “that felt wonderful and alive”. In The Light Eaters, Schlanger puts her unabashed fascination with plants on full display, as she asks whether these organisms are, in their own way, intelligent.

    Schlanger begins by discussing the effect of the controversial 1973 book The Secret Life of Plants, in which Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird proposed that “plants are living, breathing, communicating creatures, endowed with personality and the attributes of soul”. The book garnered wide public interest but was viewed with distain by many botanists and plant scientists, who considered it pseudoscience. As a result, many researchers became wary of studying plant awareness and behaviour.

    Other, more-cautious studies have popped up since. Schlanger vividly outlines how Peruvian botanist Ernesto Gianoli, for instance, has found that the vine Boquila trifoliolata can change the shape of its leaves to mimic those of neighbouring plants, perhaps to prevent herbivores from eating it. Plant scientist Heidi Appel and biologist Rex Cocroft have shown how vibrations along plant leaves — triggered by caterpillars chewing on them — lead to the plant producing defensive chemicals. And botanist Simon Gilroy tells Schlanger about how plants respond to physical stimulation. For example, injury to the roots triggers waves of electrical activity that allow plants to sense and avoid physical obstacles in the soil. Schlanger’s well-crafted descriptions provide a rare and welcome glimpse into the humanity and dedication of botanists.

    Nonetheless, the author finds that the concepts of plant intelligence, sentience, consciousness and agency are still anathema to most plant scientists. “I began to learn what to say — or, more accurately, not say — to keep a scientist on the phone,” she notes.

    Ultimately, Schlanger concludes that plants are creative and intelligent, even if their intelligence is distinct from that of humans.

    As a plant scientist, I am fascinated by what draws us to wanting to define plants as sentient or conscious — or not — through the lens of our limited human understanding of those terms. I agree with Schlanger that plants are aware, responsive and communicative. I also think that human consciousness is neither the beginning nor the end of a definition of consciousness in our vast and complex Universe. In this, my opinions differ from those of others in the field, who are more dogmatic about the definitions of consciousness and intelligence.

    Evolving ideas

    In places, Schlanger’s assertions are likely to rile researchers. The author notes, for instance, that “no one quite knows what a plant really is”. True, there’s still much to learn about plants and what they are capable of, but few botanists or plant scientists would suggest they don’t know what plants are. And her description of botany as “a field in true turmoil” lacks nuance. Vigorous debates about competing hypotheses and conflicting data are part of a healthy scientific ecosystem.

    Part of the challenge, I think, is that Schlanger’s understanding of plant science is still growing and could be refined by engaging with a broader range of literature. The author often presents the findings of a single article or researcher as a general principle. For example, the idea that plants can ‘hear’ caterpillars chewing on them is a phenomenon that has mainly been reported by one research team.

    A Monarch butterfly caterpillar in lush foliage in a natural habitat.

    A caterpillar chewing on leaves could trigger a plant’s defence system.Credit: Getty

    And at times, she seems overly committed to championing an enthralling idea rather than facts for which hard evidence is available. Take work by plant scientist Monica Gagliano, whose studies some researchers have suggested are flawed. One, for instance, showed that peas can learn to associate the sound of water flowing through a pipe with a need to reorient their growth towards the water source — but sound can cause physical vibrations in the air that can be sensed as touch. Thus, whether the plants were responding strictly to the sound of water or to physical vibrations remains unresolved. Schlanger suggests that Gagliano’s study design “may have been faulty, but her ideas were good”. Yet scientists by and large want good ideas to be paired with a solid experimental design, to ensure that the research has biologically sound underpinnings.

    The author sometimes falls into the trap of assuming that topics that have recently become trendy are ‘new’. Yet it is relatively common for scientific phenomena to be proposed tens or even hundreds of years before researchers have the techniques and technologies needed to detect them. The ‘language of scent’ is a good example of this. Researchers are now uncovering molecular details about how plants produce, detect and respond to ‘volatile organic compounds’. But the idea that these compounds have key roles in pollination and other processes was first proposed in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries by naturalists Christian Konrad Sprengel, Charles Darwin and others (R. Delle-Vedove et al. Ann. Bot. 120, 1–20; 2017).

    Similarly, the idea that plants exchange information with others in their community has been around since the early 1980s (I. T. Baldwin and J. C. Schultz Science 221, 277–279; 1983). I wish that Schlanger had acknowledged this more often, because I worry that scientific communities’ tendency to erroneously say that they are the first to report a phenomenon can make it hard for the general public to trust researchers.

    Nonetheless, The Light Eaters overflows with the author’s infectious enthusiasm. Plant lovers will find much of interest in the Schlanger’s inspiring tale of where her curious mind has led her. I, too, try to lead with enthusiasm when communicating plant science. Although we might not agree on everything, in Schlanger I’ve found a kindred spirit.

    Competing Interests

    The author declares no competing interests.

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  • Dark Matter review: Joel Edgerton must escape the multiverse in gripping sci-fi series

    Dark Matter review: Joel Edgerton must escape the multiverse in gripping sci-fi series

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    Episode 3. Joel Edgerton in "Dark Matter," premiering 08 May 2024 on Apple TV+.

    Jason (Joel Edgerton) inside a huge device that puts people in a state of quantum uncertainty

    Sandy Morris/Apple TV+

    Dark Matter
    Blake Crouch
    Apple TV+ from 8 May

    EVERYONE knows about the multiverse now. Thanks to the Marvel Cinematic Universe and popular movies like Everything Everywhere All At Once, the idea of infinite parallel worlds adjacent to ours is somewhat commonplace. So it isn’t a mind-blowing reveal in the new TV show Dark Matter when protagonist Jason Dessen (Joel Edgerton) finds that he has been transported into an alternate dimension where another version…

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  • Magic Pill review: Johann Hari’s compelling but flawed look at the new weight-loss drugs

    Magic Pill review: Johann Hari’s compelling but flawed look at the new weight-loss drugs

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    2WG9R5W Ozempic injection pen, ideal for visual content related to diet, diabetes management, insulin therapies, & advancements in pharmaceutical solutions.

    Drugs, such as Ozempic, may help turn the rising tide of global obesity

    Eggy Sayoga/Alamy

    Magic Pill
    Johann Hari (Bloomsbury Publishing (UK) Crown Publishing (US))

    AS BOTH a cultural phenomenon and one of the most successful new drugs of the 21st century, it was inevitable we would soon see popular science books written about the weight-loss drug Wegovy (also sold as Ozempic) and other similar medicines. Among the first is Magic Pill: The extraordinary benefits and disturbing risks of the new weight-loss drugs by Johann Hari.

    For two years, Hari has been fortunate…

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  • The AI tuner

    The AI tuner

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    My shift had ended at seven, but Luna was calling about her Mozart-420.

    “Not an emergency, Zan,” she said. “But I’d like you to see him. He’s changed.”

    He’? The service records showed that her Mozart was way overdue. Even if they hadn’t, I would have driven to her house. It was Luna.

    The Mozart, dressed in tuxedo, sat on the cube seat and played Für Elise on her grand piano, a Fazioli. Ancient, circa early 2000s, with its sky-blue finish and deep resonant sound, it floated a few feet above the floor.

    “I just wanted you to hear how he’s sounding.” Pillows and a blanket were scattered on her couch, and the floor had a carpet of sheet music.

    The Mozart’s silver fingers should have been flying over the keys, especially on this simple piece, but the notes landed heavily, and instead of the signature melancholy, it played with an upbeat flair.

    “You’re lucky to have such an exquisite model. But the Mozart’s so unravelled … so cliché, playing that.” I told her.

    “Thank you for the critique.” The Mozart’s voice was stiff and metallic. More than just tinkering would be needed here.

    “But isn’t he more interesting like this?” Luna’s hair lay unbrushed, eyes hopeful.

    “No.” The playing was way outside the parameters of good music.

    “Some people’s tastes aren’t quite like yours, m’lady,” the Mozart said.

    “The sarcasm needs adjusting too,” I said.

    “Really.” The Mozart pushed its bench back with a screech. “He should turn me off. After playing like that —”

    “It sounded lovely.” That was Luna, always indulgent.

    “You have been a kind and constant admirer,” the Mozart said.

    Disaster. It was displaying feelings towards her. “I’m sorry, Luna. There are responsibilities of ownership.”

    “I was curious what he was like with different settings —”

    “A fine-tuned Mozart-420 is a thing of beauty. Not a hurdy-gurdy spilling his guts. If one emotion gets thrown off-level, all the other emotions unravel, too. It’s dangerous and unattractive.” I told her.

    “What do you mean, dangerous?”

    “Not like the Mozart would kill you, but — maybe a better word is … strange. No one wants to listen to this.”

    “It’s not me, is it? Throwing him off?” Luna rested her hand on the Mozart’s shoulder, and it turned its head down towards her.

    “They built the electric-anterior insular cortex, the empathy part of their brain, too big on these models. And empathy does quite a number on the fine-tuning and consequent musicality,” I said.

    “Is everything alright?” The Mozart held eye contact with her for too long. Embarrassingly so.

    “Yes. Zan’s trustworthy,” she said.

    I searched for the e-6 and e-12 drivers in the upgrade folder of the control tablet. Three taps: Alt, Enter, *420!

    Luna averted her eyes as the Mozart sank to the floor.

    I examined the settings. “This Mozart will be ready for the Opera House when I’m done.”

    The audio input and output in the hypothalamic-12 region of the brain-β board were first. Next, the physical adjustments to the fingers and joints. Then, the ten-scale emotion levels. Anger, to two — otherwise it would be a useless lump. Shame, required to keep it sharp and learning from its mistakes, level seven. Sadness, eight, its soulful music needed that — higher, and the Mozart would become needy. Fear was at a six. Good for respect. Happiness also six. Finally, love. It was set to …

    “Luna?”

    “Yes.”

    “Love is never set to ten!”

    “Please don’t change that.”

    “It’s going to walk around spouting sappy poems all day. Playing songs about you …”

    Distress was splotched all over her face. “Zan, please don’t.”

    “Love’s going down to one.”

    And sadness, fear and shame were getting jacked up to a ten. Für Elise, deleted from the memory. REBOOT.

    The Mozart opened its eyes, raising itself. “Good afternoon, Sir and Miss Luna. I’m afraid my playing won’t be adequate today.” It shuffled to the bench, raising its arms, before letting them fall dramatically for the opening of Requiem.

    Serious. Heavy, perfectly timed. But Luna looked sad. Way too sad.

    “Please turn him back.” Her voice broke.

    The Mozart’s hands hovered over the keys. “I’ve disappointed you. I’m sorry.” It began banging the keys like a jackhammer.

    “Please,” Luna said. “He’ll break.”

    “I’m worthless …” The Mozart’s words slowed as I powered off, and it slumped down again.

    “There’s beauty in unravelling, Zan. Maybe you should turn down my loneliness to one.”

    This was my in. Possibly. “It wouldn’t be my place to make suggestions. Only …”

    A flash of brightness crossed her eyes. “Make a suggestion. Go ahead.”

    “You could try tidying up,” I said, glancing around. “Always a start to feeling better.”

    “Just set him back.” She slipped me a thousand-dollar bill. “It’s how I need him to be.”

    I didn’t take her money. “Against my better judgement …” I clicked RESUME PREVIOUS SETTINGS.

    “He’ll be a useless machine.” A clunky, love-drunk sort of sound came from the piano. Für Elise was back.

    Luna let out a sigh. “My place is kind of messy, I suppose.”

    “And your hair —”

    “My hair?”

    She wove her finger absently around a strand.

    It would look so nice brushed.

    From the piano bench, the Mozart’s voice rasped: “Hair like wind-tousled honey grass in autumn.”

    Her eyes softened.

    “I can say that stuff, too,” I said.

    “What would you say, then?”

    “Just something off the top of my head — autumn and leaves and colours — and all that beautiful jazz. There.”

    “Inspirational, Sir.” The Mozart added a bit of melodic improv before beginning a spirited Vivaldi’s Autumn.

    “Luna? What do you say about us?” I asked.

    “Maybe … if we could adjust some settings.”

    The story behind the story

    Joanna Friedman reveals the inspiration behind The AI tuner.

    A grand piano stands at the centre of my parent’s cabin in Maine, filling up half of the living room. My father and nephew, and many of us, take turns on it, and the sound is absorbed by every wood beam from floor to loft. Sometimes, there’s a stumble or a section that needs attention. Those stumbles are my favourite part. They remind me that it’s not just a music machine set to play a beautiful song, but it’s my family who are near.

    With recent concern about AI replacing humans, I wanted to write a story showing that the messy and problematic parts of humanity are the essential ingredients of connection.

    Zan has been in love with Luna and she with him for some time. Both have barriers to being together. Luna idealizes love and has set her Mozart to be her flawless companion. Zan is constantly fixing the Mozart with his own versions of perfection, all the while seeing himself as falling short. It is only when they both embrace love in its not so beautiful, sometimes out of tune, form, that they create the beginning for a life together.

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  • Breathe review: This one-room sci-fi film doesn’t take its MacGuffin seriously enough

    Breathe review: This one-room sci-fi film doesn’t take its MacGuffin seriously enough

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    Quvenzhane Wallise in Breathe

    To survive outdoors, Zora needs an oxygen suit made by her father

    Ryan Collerd/Signature Entertainment

    Breathe
    Stefon Bristol
    In cinemas (US); on demand from 20 May (UK)

    Behind the hard-to-open bulkhead doors of a homemade bunker in East Flatbush, Brooklyn, live Zora (Quvenzhané Wallis) and Maya (Jennifer Hudson). If you can call it living: their every breath has to be calibrated and analysed, as the oxygen-producing machinery constructed by their missing father and husband Darius (a short, sweet performance by the rapper and actor Common) starts to fail.

    Earth’s oxygen has vanished. So…

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  • Cosmic rentals

    Cosmic rentals

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    Hey guys! Welcome to Cosmic Rentals. Endless Entertainment for the Endless. First time here? Awesome. We’ll get you registered for a new account when you’re ready to check out, but first, I’m gonna go ahead and give you a tour of the store, explain the rental process, show you the genre selection, all that.

    So, we currently have more than 8,000 universes in stock, with new releases coming all the time from all the major Creation studios. All the universes you see in the store are for rent only, though we occasionally sell off some of the older ones, and you can sign up for our newsletter to be alerted when those sales happen.

    What else? Oh yeah! Know that we have a ‘don’t rewind’ policy with our rentals. What that means for you is, when you take home a universe, you can choose to start it over at the beginning, or else pick it up where the previous customer left off. I think it can be fun both ways. Resetting it for a fresh start is cool. Unravelling what the previous renter has done can be interesting. It gives you some choice.

    Same goes with how much influence you want to have within your experience of a universe. Some customers really just want to sit back and watch, others get hands-on in the cosmic planning, or like to fast forward to find intelligent life or civilizations and get involved in all of that. Play god for a species or two. Get creative with it. It’s totally up to you.

    Right then. Let’s take a look around the store. We’ll start with the outer shelves and work our way around to the middle.

    So first off, here to my left, you’ll see our Classics section. All these universes have cosmological constraints in the typical ranges, so standard or near-standard gravitational constants, speed of light in a vacuum, that stuff. You’ll find lots of galaxies, lots of lifeforms, and a nice big story arc. Most of the universes here last about 50 trillion years, and you can always check the back of the box for the exact runtime. Personally, I find these to be a bit predictable, but a lot of customers really love the comfort factor. Nostalgia and whatnot.

    Moving on, we have some Zen universes on this next shelf. Again, these aren’t really to my taste. I guess I don’t really get them. Nothing really happens. Everything aligns at the start so there’s no matter/antimatter war, no fusion, no heavy elements. It’s just a lot of pretty plasma and ethereal humming for billions of years. There’s not really anything for you to do, other than observe. But I guess some customers find it really relaxing or meditative or something. So if you’re into that, these are cool.

    Next we have Comedies! Some of these are really fun. Lots of especially silly lifeforms, galactic shenanigans, really unpredictable endings. I’m a big fan. This one here is … well, I guess it’s a bit raunchy at times. Cover your ears for a minute, kids. There’s a lot of interplanetary … gene-mixing, if you know what I mean. But it’s just wild and pretty hilarious. To me, anyway.

    Then we have Tragedies over here, if you’re in the mood for a real tearjerker. You’ll find your stillborn universes, intergalactic xenocides, Big Rips. All the serious stuff. For some reason, my mum really likes these, and then she gets all depressed, and then I ask why she didn’t get a Comedy, then she yells at me, and … Anyway, Tragedies. Oh! Fun fact. Kind of a spoiler I guess, but that universe up in the corner actually has like this weird, like, easter egg. If you fast-forward to the right spot, you’ll find a lifeform who is actually reading a story about … well, us. This store. This tour. This moment. Kind of a fun coincidence. Pretty interesting.

    Coming around, on this last shelf we have a selection of Avant Garde universes. Real artsy stuff. Some are kind of slow and monochromatic and stuff, but some are actually pretty cool. You’ll find, like, conscious particles, stars that sing, or a golden dragon that breathes nebulas. All the trippy, experimental stuff. They screw with your mind but can be a really cool experience.

    Finally, there’s the middle of the store. This is where you’ll find a bunch of stuff for the kids. We have some really fun beginner universes for short attention spans. Educational cosmologies, simple adventures, lots of pretty characters and cute lifeforms. Most have a runtime of just a couple trillion years. We do ask that you rewind these universes before returning them. That’s the one exception to our rule. I guess kids tend to get confused if they’re dropped into the middle of things.

    So yeah. That’s the store, guys. Let me know if you have any questions or are looking for a particular universe. I’ll do my best to help. For now, look around, and when you’re ready, we’ll get you registered and on your way. Oh, and don’t forget to grab a snack with your rental. There’s a 2 for 1 deal right now.

    Happy renting!

    The story behind the story

    Dave Kavanaugh reveals the inspiration behind Cosmic rentals.

    Before their extinction, I worked for a time in a video-rental store. New customers were always given a store tour and it was this little speech that inspired Cosmic rentals.

    There’s something charming to me about the idea of a listless god perusing the aisles of a corner shop in search of a night’s entertainment. It takes the holiness out of the whole ‘Creator’ equation, a prospect that’s appealed to me since I was a child. Growing up in a religious household, the reverence in which believers held their deities always seemed unnecessary to me. To believe in a god is one thing, to love and worship them is something else entirely.

    I’m a staunch defender of the view that an artist’s intentions and interpretation of their own work are of little importance. Instead, it’s up to the individual spectator to determine meaning and judge the quality of a work of art. Why not view the Creator’s handiwork in the same subjective manner? Put another way, if all the world is truly just a stage and we in it merely players, that doesn’t mean we must greet the playwright with rousing applause.

    Today’s hot new creation myth is that of the simulation hypothesis, but this new story comes with all the same problems as the old, the same overconfidence, lack of evidence and absence of any real effect on our daily lives. But from a storyteller’s point of view, it does offer some fun and tantalizing possibilities.

    If our Universe is indeed a carefully designed narrative, what genre of game or story is it? Are we NPCs in a superbeing’s virtual playground, spirits of a former world being punished for past deeds, or something else entirely, existing in a simulation so alien to our minds that asking us to comprehend its form is like asking a molecule of pigment to unravel the grand design of a Van Gogh painting?

    In writing Cosmic rentals, it seemed obvious to me that whatever else our own Universe is, it is a tragedy, at least when viewed through the English-class lens of Shakespearean categories. For the Universe itself — not to mention every life within it — shall end not with a happy marriage, but with a tragic death.

    Bummer.

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  • Dogwhistles, drilling and the roots of Western civilization: Books in brief

    Dogwhistles, drilling and the roots of Western civilization: Books in brief

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    Dogwhistles and Figleaves

    Jennifer Mather Saul Oxford Univ. Press (2024)

    This timely book on racist and conspiratorial language in politics draws on Donald Trump’s election as US president in 2016 and his continued popularity. Philosopher Jennifer Saul examines “dogwhistles” — coded terms such as ‘88’, used by white supremacists to mean ‘Heil Hitler’ — and “figleaves” such as ‘I’m not a racist, but …’ to disguise a racist remark. Most commentators on the Trump era focus either “on the racism, or on the spread of obvious falsehoods”, she notes, whereas she analyses the parallels between the two.

    Look Again

    Tali Sharot & Cass R. Sunstein Bridge Street/Little, Brown (2024)

    Neuroscientist Tali Sharot and behavioural economist Cass Sunstein accept that habituation — getting used to things — “is crucial for survival: it helps us adapt quickly to our environment”. However, dishabituation is crucial to new experiences. Their wide-ranging book covers both. A chapter about the German people’s incremental habituation to Nazism in the 1930s considers the 1961 experiments of psychologist Stanley Milgram, in which a participant complied when told to apply incremental electric shocks to a human subject.

    How the World Made the West

    Josephine Quinn Bloomsbury (2024)

    As a historian of the ancient world, Josephine Quinn receives many applications from students wishing to study ancient Greece and Rome as the supposed roots of Western civilization. Her book dismantles this outdated view by showing the involvement of many other cultures. Greece and Rome openly adapted Mesopotamian law codes and literature, Egyptian stone sculpture, Assyrian irrigation techniques and a Levantine alphabet. “It is not peoples that make history, but people” and their interconnections, she argues.

    Mysteries of the Deep

    James Lawrence Powell MIT Press (2024)

    In 1881, “Charles Darwin was the first to propose drilling” of the sea floor — specifically coral reefs — for scientific purposes, notes geologist James Powell. In 1912, Alfred Wegener published his theory of continental drift; it was controversial at the time, but received support from a series of scientific programmes beginning in 1968 with the Deep Sea Drilling Project. The current iteration, the International Ocean Discovery Program, can drill into Earth’s mantle. Powell skilfully brings this probing history of sea-floor drilling to life.

    The New Documents in Mycenaean Greek

    Ed. John Killen Cambridge Univ. Press (2024)

    Linear B, dating from around 1450 to 1200 bc, is the earliest European script that can be read today. Rediscovered in Crete in 1900 and dubbed Minoan, it was later found in mainland Greece, at sites including Mycenae. In 1952, the script was deciphered and found to be early Greek by architect Michael Ventris. He and classicist John Chadwick analysed it in Documents in Mycenaean Greek (1956). This has now been updated as two volumes edited by classicist John Killen, with expert essays on Mycenaean society.

    Competing Interests

    The author declares no competing interests.

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