Nakamura, S., Mukai, T. & Senoh, M. Candela-class high-brightness InGaN/AlGaN double-heterostructure blue-light-emitting diodes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1687–1689 (1994).
Amano, H. et al. The 2018 GaN power electronics roadmap. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 51, 163001 (2018).
Höhn, P. & Niewa, R. in Handbook of Solid State Chemistry Part 1 (eds Dronskowski, R. et al.) 251–359 (Wiley, 2017).
Sun, W. et al. A map of the inorganic ternary metal nitrides. Nat. Mater. 18, 732–739 (2019).
Gao, Z. et al. Shielding Pt/γ-Mo2N by inert nano-overlays enables stable H2 production. Nature 638, 690–696 (2025).
Hashimoto, T., Wu, F., Speck, J. S. & Nakamura, S. A GaN bulk crystal with improved structural quality grown by the ammonothermal method. Nat. Mater. 6, 568–571 (2007).
Wang, D. et al. Ferroelectric YAlN grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 123, 033504 (2023).
Skidmore, C. H. et al. Proximity ferroelectricity in wurtzite heterostructures. Nature 637, 574–579 (2025).
Talley, K. R. et al. Synthesis of LaWN3 nitride perovskite with polar symmetry. Science 374, 1488–1491 (2021).
Kuykendall, T., Ulrich, P., Aloni, S. & Yang, P. Complete composition tunability of InGaN nanowires using a combinatorial approach. Nat. Mater. 6, 951–956 (2007).
Fix, R., Gordon, R. G. & Hoffman, D. M. Chemical vapor deposition of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium nitride thin films. Chem. Mater. 3, 1138–1148 (1991).
Fix, R., Gordon, R. G. & Hoffman, D. M. Chemical vapor deposition of vanadium, niobium, and tantalum nitride thin films. Chem. Mater. 5, 614–619 (1993).
Parvizian, M. & De Roo, J. Precursor chemistry of metal nitride nanocrystals. Nanoscale 13, 18865–18882 (2021).
Yang, L. et al. Cation exchange in colloidal transition metal nitride nanocrystals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 12556–12564 (2024).
Vaughn, D. D. II et al. Solution synthesis of Cu3PdN nanocrystals as ternary metal nitride electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Chem. Mater. 26, 6226–6232 (2014).
Shanker, G. S. & Ogale, S. Faceted colloidal metallic Ni3N nanocrystals: size-controlled solution-phase synthesis and electrochemical overall water splitting. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 4, 2165–2173 (2021).
Taylor, P. N. et al. Synthesis of widely tunable and highly luminescent zinc nitride nanocrystals. J. Mater. Chem. C 2, 4379–4382 (2014).
Talapin, D. V., Lee, J.-S., Kovalenko, M. V. & Shevchenko, E. V. Prospects of colloidal nanocrystals for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Chem. Rev. 110, 389–458 (2010).
García de Arquer, F. P. et al. Semiconductor quantum dots: technological progress and future challenges. Science 373, eaaz8541 (2021).
Wang, H. et al. Transition metal nitrides for electrochemical energy applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 50, 1354–1390 (2021).
Xu, X. et al. Two-dimensional arrays of transition metal nitride nanocrystals. Adv. Mater. 31, 1902393 (2019).
Guy, K. et al. Original synthesis of molybdenum nitrides using metal cluster compounds as precursors: applications in heterogeneous catalysis. Chem. Mater. 32, 6026–6034 (2020).
Karaballi, R. A., Humagain, G., Fleischman, B. R. A. & Dasog, M. Synthesis of plasmonic group-4 nitride nanocrystals by solid-state metathesis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58, 3147–3150 (2019).
Giordano, C., Erpen, C., Yao, W., Mike, B. & Antonietti, M. Metal nitride and metal carbide nanoparticles by a soft urea pathway. Chem. Mater. 21, 5136–5144 (2009).
Murray, C. B., Norris, D. J. & Bawendi, M. G. Synthesis and characterization of nearly monodisperse CdE (E = sulfur, selenium, tellurium) semiconductor nanocrystallites. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 8706–8715 (1993).
Yin, Y. & Alivisatos, A. P. Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic–inorganic interface. Nature 437, 664–670 (2005).
Dean, J. A. Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry 15th edn (McGraw-Hill, 1999).
Zhang, H. et al. Stable colloids in molten inorganic salts. Nature 542, 328–331 (2017).
Zhou, Z. et al. Colloidal chemistry in molten inorganic salts: direct synthesis of III–V quantum dots via dehalosilylation of (Me3Si)3Pn (Pn = P, As) with group III halides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147, 9198–9209 (2025).
Ondry, J. C. et al. Reductive pathways in molten inorganic salts enable colloidal synthesis of III-V semiconductor nanocrystals. Science 386, 401–407 (2024).
Portehault, D. et al. A general solution route toward metal boride nanocrystals. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50, 3262–3265 (2011).
Liu, X., Fechler, N. & Antonietti, M. Salt melt synthesis of ceramics, semiconductors and carbon nanostructures. Chem. Soc. Rev. 42, 8237–8265 (2013).
Guan, H. et al. General molten-salt route to three-dimensional porous transition metal nitrides as sensitive and stable Raman substrates. Nat. Commun. 12, 1376 (2021).
Cho, W., Zhou, Z., Lin, R., Ondry, J. C. & Talapin, D. V. Synthesis of colloidal GaN and AlN nanocrystals in biphasic molten salt/organic solvent mixtures under high-pressure ammonia. ACS Nano 17, 1315–1326 (2023).
Cassidy, J. et al. Ammoniate intermediates enable tunable biphasic molten salt/organic synthesis of colloidal GaN nanocrystals. Chem. Mater. 38, 4017–4028 (2026).
Parvizian, M. et al. Molten salt-assisted synthesis of titanium nitride. Small Methods 8, 2400228 (2024).
Jacobs, K., Zaziski, D., Scher, E. C., Herhold, A. B. & Paul Alivisatos, A. Activation volumes for solid-solid transformations in nanocrystals. Science 293, 1803–1806 (2001).
Hendricks, M. P., Campos, M. P., Cleveland, G. T., Plante, I.J.-L. & Owen, J. S. A tunable library of substituted thiourea precursors to metal sulfide nanocrystals. Science 348, 1226–1230 (2015).
Allulli, S. Solubilities of ammonia in alkali nitrate and perchlorate melts. J. Phys. Chem. 73, 1084–1087 (1969).
Jolly, W. A. Heats, free energies, and entropies in liquid ammonia. Chem. Rev. 50, 351–361 (1952).
Takekawa, N. et al. GaN growth via tri-halide vapor phase epitaxy using solid source of GaCl3: investigation of the growth dependence on NH3 and additional Cl2. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 58, SC1022 (2019).
Nakamura, S., Mukai, T., Senoh, M. & Iwasa, N. Thermal annealing effects on p-type Mg-doped GaN films. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31, L139 (1992).
Jain, S. C., Willander, M., Narayan, J. & Van Overstraeten, R. III–nitrides: growth, characterization, and properties. J. Appl. Phys. 87, 965–1006 (2000).
Yu, K. M. et al. Effects of native defects on properties of low temperature grown, non- stoichiometric gallium nitride. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 48, 385101 (2015).
Hubáček, T., Hospodková, A., Oswald, J., Kuldova, K. & Pangrác, J. Improvement of luminescence properties of GaN buffer layer for fast nitride scintillator structures. J. Cryst. Growth 464, 221–225 (2017).
Guler, U., Shalaev, V. M. & Boltasseva, A. Nanoparticle plasmonics: going practical with transition metal nitrides. Mater. Today 18, 227–237 (2015).
Tsai, M.-F. et al. Au nanorod design as light-absorber in the first and second biological near-infrared windows for in vivo photothermal therapy. ACS Nano 7, 5330–5342 (2013).
van Hove, R. P., Sierevelt, I. N., van Royen, B. J. & Nolte, P. A. Titanium-nitride coating of orthopaedic implants: a review of the literature. BioMed Res. Int. 2015, 485975 (2015).
Yan, R. et al. GaN/NbN epitaxial semiconductor/superconductor heterostructures. Nature 555, 183–189 (2018).
Zolotavin, P. & Guyot-Sionnest, P. Meissner effect in colloidal Pb nanoparticles. ACS Nano 4, 5599–5608 (2010).
Kresse, G. & Furthmüller, J. Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set. Phys. Rev. B 54, 11169–11186 (1996).
Perdew, J. P., Burke, K. & Ernzerhof, M. Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865–3868 (1996).
Kresse, G. & Joubert, D. From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method. Phys. Rev. B 59, 1758–1775 (1999).
Grimme, S., Antony, J., Ehrlich, S. & Krieg, H. A consistent and accurate ab initio parametrization of density functional dispersion correction (DFT-D) for the 94 elements H-Pu. J. Chem. Phys. 132, 154104 (2010).
Nosé, S. A unified formulation of the constant temperature molecular dynamics methods. J. Chem. Phys. 81, 511–519 (1984).
Khudorozhkova, A. O., Isakov, A. V., Kataev, A. A., Red’kin, A. A. & Zaikov, Y. P. Density of KF–KCl–KI melts. Russ. Metall. 2020, 918–924 (2020).
Khokhar, V. & Jiang, D.-e. Ammonia pressure controls colloidal metal nitride synthesis in molten salts – DFT structures and AIMD simulation trajectories. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20383972 (2026).
