Dark Mode Light Mode

Keep Up to Date with the Most Important News

By pressing the Subscribe button, you confirm that you have read and are agreeing to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.
Join us on a journey where chemistry meets creativity, and the wonders of science unfold. Quench your intellectual thirst with thought-provoking articles that transcend the boundaries of conventional knowledge.

Climate benefit and ecological cost trade-offs for ocean iron fertilization

Climate benefit and ecological cost trade-offs for ocean iron fertilization Climate benefit and ecological cost trade-offs for ocean iron fertilization


  • Buesseler, K. O. Next steps for assessing ocean iron fertilization for marine carbon dioxide removal. Front. Clim. 6, 1430957 (2024).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Doney, S. C., Wolfe, W. H., McKee, D. C. & Fuhrman, J. G. The science, engineering, and validation of marine carbon dioxide removal and storage. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 17, 55–81 (2025).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Morrison, T. H. et al. Governing novel climate interventions in rapidly changing oceans. Science 389, eadq0174 (2025).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ogier, E. M. et al. Novel marine-climate interventions hampered by low consensus and governance preparedness. Nat. Clim. Change 15, 375–384 (2025).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yu, J. et al. Simulating marine ecosystem dynamics and biogeochemical cycling with multiple plankton functional types. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 17, e2024MS004521 (2025).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Cannon, A. J. Twelve months at 1.5 °C signals earlier than expected breach of Paris Agreement threshold. Nat. Clim. Change 15, 266–269 (2025).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bevacqua, E., Schleussner, C.-F. & Zscheischler, J. A year above 1.5 °C signals that Earth is most probably within the 20-year period that will reach the Paris Agreement limit. Nat. Clim. Change 15, 262–265 (2025).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Boyd, P. W. et al. Mesoscale iron enrichment experiments 1993-2005: synthesis and future directions. Science 315, 612–617 (2007).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Buesseler, K. O. et al. Ocean iron fertilization–moving forward in a sea of uncertainty. Science 319, 162–162 (2008).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yoon, J. E. et al. Reviews and syntheses: ocean iron fertilization experiments – past, present, and future looking to a future Korean Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Southern Ocean (KIFES) project. Biogeosciences 15, 5847–5889 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tagliabue, A. et al. Ocean iron fertilization may amplify climate change pressures on marine animal biomass for limited climate benefit. Global Change Biol. 29, 5250–5260 (2023).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bach, L. T. et al. Identifying the most (cost-)efficient regions for CO2 removal with iron fertilization in the Southern Ocean. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 37, e2023GB007754 (2023).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jiang, H.-B. et al. Complexities of regulating climate by promoting marine primary production with ocean iron fertilization. Earth Sci. Rev. 249, 104675 (2024).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sarmiento, J. L., Slater, R. D., Dunne, J., Gnanadesikan, A. & Hiscock, M. R. Efficiency of small scale carbon mitigation by patch iron fertilization. Biogeosciences 7, 3593–3624 (2010).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gnanadesikan, A., Sarmiento, J. L. & Slater, R. D. Effects of patchy ocean fertilization on atmospheric carbon dioxide and biological production. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 17, 1050 (2003).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fripiat, F. et al. Nitrogen isotopic constraints on nutrient transport to the upper ocean. Nat. Geosci. 14, 855–861 (2021).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bach, L. T. et al. Dissecting the impact of CO2 and pH on the mechanisms of photosynthesis and calcification in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. New Phytol. 199, 121–134 (2013).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Moore, J. K. & Doney, S. C. Iron availability limits the ocean nitrogen inventory stabilizing feedbacks between marine denitrification and nitrogen fixation. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 21, GB2001 (2007).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bonnet, S. et al. Natural iron fertilization by shallow hydrothermal sources fuels diazotroph blooms in the ocean. Science 380, 812–817 (2023).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Buesseler, K. O. et al. Paths Forward for Exploring Ocean Iron Fertilization (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2023).

  • Martiny, A. C. et al. Biogeochemical controls of surface ocean phosphate. Sci. Adv. 5, eaax0341 (2019).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Murphy, G. E. P., Romanuk, T. N. & Worm, B. Cascading effects of climate change on plankton community structure. Ecol. Evol. 10, 2170–2181 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Qiu, Y. Iron fertilization from Asian dust drives tertiary-level productivity of Pacific salmon. Prog. Oceanogr. 237, 103514 (2025).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Oschlies, A., Koeve, W., Rickels, W. & Rehdanz, K. Side effects and accounting aspects of hypothetical large-scale Southern Ocean iron fertilization. Biogeosciences 7, 4017–4035 (2010).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Moore, J. K., Doney, S. C., Lindsay, K., Mahowald, N. & Michaels, A. F. Nitrogen fixation amplifies the ocean biogeochemical response to decadal timescale variations in mineral dust deposition. Tellus B 58, 560–572 (2006).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Michaels, A. F., Karl, D. M. & Capone, D. G. Element stoichiometry, new production and nitrogen fixation. Oceanography 14, 68–77 (2001).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wallace, D. et al. Ocean fertilization: a scientific summary for policy makers. UNESCO https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000190674 (2010).

  • Hodgson, D., McDonald, J. L. & Hosken, D. J. What do you mean, ‘resilient’? Trends Ecol. Evol. 30, 503–506 (2015).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bonan, G. B. & Doney, S. C. Climate, ecosystems, and planetary futures: the challenge to predict life in Earth system models. Science 359, eaam8328 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Flynn, K. J. et al. More realistic plankton simulation models will improve projections of ocean ecosystem responses to global change. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 9, 1562–1570 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • de Baar, H. J. W., Gerringa, L. J. A., Laan, P. & Timmermans, K. R. Efficiency of carbon removal per added iron in ocean iron fertilization. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 364, 269–282 (2008).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Coale, K. H. et al. A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 383, 495–501 (1996).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Coale, K. H. et al. Southern Ocean iron enrichment experiment: carbon cycling in high- and low-Si waters. Science 304, 408–414 (2004).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ward, C., Lee Pereira, R. J., Foteinis, S. & Renforth, P. Techno-economic analysis of ocean iron fertilization. Front. Clim. 7, 1509367 (2025).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wiseman, N. A., Moore, J. K., Twining, B. S., Hamilton, D. S. & Mahowald, N. M. Acclimation of phytoplankton Fe:C ratios dampens the biogeochemical response to varying atmospheric deposition of soluble iron. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 37, e2022GB007491 (2023).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • U.S. Geological Survey. Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020: Iron Ore https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2020 (2020).

  • Boyd, P. W. et al. The role of biota in the Southern Ocean carbon cycle. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. 5, 390–408 (2024).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Long, M. C. et al. Simulations with the Marine Biogeochemistry Library (MARBL). J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 13, e2021MS002647 (2021).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wang, W.-L., Moore, J. K., Martiny, A. C. & Primeau, F. W. Convergent estimates of marine nitrogen fixation. Nature 566, 205–20 (2019).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Atkinson, A. et al. Steeper size spectra with decreasing phytoplankton biomass indicate strong trophic amplification and future fish declines. Nat. Commun. 15, 381 (2024).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • World Bank. Tuna Fisheries. Pacific Possible Background Paper No. 3. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/966441503678446432/pdf/119107-WP-PUBLIC-P154324-133p-PPTunafisheriesbackgroundfinal.pdf (2016).

  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda https://doi.org/10.17226/25259 (National Academies Press, 2019).

  • Heck, V., Gerten, D., Lucht, W. & Popp, A. Biomass-based negative emissions difficult to reconcile with planetary boundaries. Nat. Clim. Change 8, 151–155 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gnanadesikan, A. & Marinov, I. Export is not enough: Nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 364, 289–294 (2008).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Grubert, E. & Talati, S. The distortionary effects of unconstrained for-profit carbon dioxide removal and the need for early governance intervention. Carbon Manag. 15, 2292111 (2024).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Cullenward, D., Badgley, G. & Chay, F. Carbon offsets are incompatible with the Paris Agreement. One Earth 6, 1085–1088 (2023).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nissen, C. & Vogt, M. Factors controlling the competition between Phaeocystis and diatoms in the Southern Ocean and implications for carbon export fluxes. Biogeosciences 18, 251–283 (2021).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Buesseler, K. O. et al. The case for ocean iron fertilization field trials. Dialog. Clim. Change https://doi.org/10.1177/29768659261420631 (2026).

  • Busecke, J. J. M., Resplandy, L., Ditkovsky, S. J. & John, J. G. Diverging fates of the Pacific Ocean oxygen minimum zone and its core in a warming world. AGU Adv. 3, e2021AV000470 (2022).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Moore, J. K. et al. Sustained climate warming drives declining marine biological productivity. Science 359, 1139–1142 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu, Y., Moore, J. K., Primeau, F. & Wang, W. L. Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation. Nat. Clim. Change 13, 83–90 (2023).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • McCrackin, M. L., Jones, H. P., Jones, P. C. & Moreno-Mateos, D. Recovery of lakes and coastal marine ecosystems from eutrophication: a global meta-analysis. Limnol. Oceanogr. 62, 507–518 (2017).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Allison, S. D. & Martiny, J. B. H. Resistance, resilience, and redundancy in microbial communities. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 105, 11512–11519 (2008).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Karki, L. et al. Potentials and barriers to land-based mitigation technologies and practices (LMTs)—a review. Environ. Res. Lett. 18, 093003 (2023).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Randerson, J. T. et al. The weak land carbon sink hypothesis. Sci. Adv. 11, eadr5489 (2025).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Carton, W., Hougaard, I.-M., Markusson, N. & Lund, J. F. Is carbon removal delaying emission reductions? Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change 14, e826 (2023).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Arcusa, S. H. & Lackner, K. S. Carbon sequestration ought to be permanent on climate-relevant timescales. Environ. Sci. Policy 173, 104223 (2025).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Shindell, D. & Rogelj, J. Preserving carbon dioxide removal to serve critical needs. Nat. Clim. Change 15, 452–457 (2025).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Danabasoglu, G. et al. The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2). J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 12, e2019MS001916 (2020).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ibarbalz, F. M. et al. Global trends in marine plankton diversity across kingdoms of life. Cell 179, 1084–1097 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Basterretxea, G., Font-Muñoz, J. S., Hernández-Carrasco, I. & Sañudo-Wilhelmy, S. A. Global variability of high-nutrient low-chlorophyll regions using neural networks and wavelet coherence analysis. Ocean Sci. 19, 973–990 (2023).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nuno, A. G. et al. Planetary diagnosis of phytoplankton iron stress. ESS Open Archive https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15001989/v1 (2026).

  • Schwinger, J., Bourgeois, T. & Rickels, W. On the emission-path dependency of the efficiency of ocean alkalinity enhancement. Environ. Res. Lett. 19, 074067 (2024).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tsujino, H. et al. JRA-55 based surface dataset for driving ocean–sea-ice models (JRA55-do). Ocean Model. 130, 79–139 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dee, L. E. et al. Quantifying disturbance effects on ecosystem services in a changing climate. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 9, 436–447 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fisher, C. K. & Mehta, P. The transition between the niche and neutral regimes in ecology. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 111, 13111–13116 (2014).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chavez, F. P., Ryan, J., Lluch-Cota, S. E. & Niquen, M. From anchovies to sardines and back: multidecadal change in the Pacific Ocean. Science 299, 217–221 (2003).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Benedetti, F., Wydler, J. & Vogt, M. Copepod functional traits and groups show divergent biogeographies in the global ocean. J. Biogeogr. 50, 8–22 (2023).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gaüzère, P., Doulcier, G., Devictor, V. & Kéfi, S. A framework for estimating species-specific contributions to community indicators. Ecol. Indic. 99, 74–82 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wilcox, R. R. Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing (Academic Press, 2012).

  • Huber, P. J. & Ronchetti, E. M. Robust Statistics 2nd edn (Wiley, 2009).

  • Donald, B. R. The Bayesian bootstrap. Ann. Stat. 9, 130–134 (1981).

    MathSciNet 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yu, J. Data and plotting scripts for the article entitled “Climate Benefit and Ecological Cost Trade-offs for Ocean Iron Fertilization”. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20500155 (2026).

  • Aumont, O. & Bopp, L. Globalizing results from ocean in situ iron fertilization studies. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 20, GB2017 (2006).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     



  • Source link

    Keep Up to Date with the Most Important News

    By pressing the Subscribe button, you confirm that you have read and are agreeing to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use
    Add a comment Add a comment

    Leave a Reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

    Previous Post
    Underdog ‘spin qubits’ leap forward in race to a useful quantum computer

    Underdog ‘spin qubits’ leap forward in race to a useful quantum computer

    Next Post
    Over 20,000 precolonial earthworks in the Southwest Amazonia

    Over 20,000 precolonial earthworks in the Southwest Amazonia

    Advertisement