Kvavadze, E. et al. 30,000-year-old wild flax fibers. Science 325, 1359 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1175404 (2009).
Shi, X. et al. Large-area display textiles integrated with functional systems. Nature 591, 240–245 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03295-8 (2021).
Lan, L. et al. Woven organic crystals. Nat. Commun. 14, 7582 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43084-7 (2023).
Lee, S. et al. Truly form-factor–free industrially scalable system integration for electronic textile architectures with multifunctional fiber devices. Sci. Adv. 9, eadf4049 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adf4049 (2023).
Liu, Y., O’Keeffe, M., Treacy, M. M. J. & Yaghi, O. M. The geometry of periodic knots, polycatenanes and weaving from a chemical perspective: a library for reticular chemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev. 47, 4642–4664 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CS00695K (2018).
Zhang, Z.-H., Andreassen, B. J., August, D. P., Leigh, D. A. & Zhang, L. Molecular weaving. Nat. Mater. 21, 275–283 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01179-w (2022).
Zhang, X.-L. et al. Formation of two (6,3) networks showing structural diversity, Borromean topology and conformational chirality in the same crystal. Chem. Commun. 41, 4242–4244 https://doi.org/10.1039/b709118d (2007).
Zhang, X.-L. et al. Discrete chiral single-crystal microtubes assembled with honeycomb coordination networks showing structural diversity and Borromean topology in one single crystal. Chem. Mater. 19, 4630–4632 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm071767u (2007).
Xiao, D. et al. A porous molecularly woven fabric for dynamic separation of water isotopologues. Nat. Synth. 5, 180–188 https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-025-00913-5 (2026).
Liu, Y. et al. Molecular weaving of covalent organic frameworks for adaptive guest inclusion. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 16015–16019 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b08949 (2018).
Zhao, Y. et al. A synthetic route for crystals of woven structures, uniform nanocrystals, and thin films of imine covalent organic frameworks. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 13166–13172 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b07457 (2017).
Liu, Y. et al. Weaving of organic threads into a crystalline covalent organic framework. Science 351, 365–369 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad4011 (2016).
Lewandowska, U. et al. A triaxial supramolecular weave. Nat. Chem. 9, 1068–1072 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2823 (2017).
Thorp-Greenwood, F. L., Kulak, A. N. & Hardie, M. J. An infinite chainmail of M6L6 metallacycles featuring multiple Borromean links. Nat. Chem. 7, 526–531 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2259 (2015).
Guo, X. et al. Rational construction of Borromean linked crystalline organic polymers. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60, 2974–2979 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202012504 (2021).
Yang, Y. et al. Elastic films of single-crystal two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks. Nature 630, 878–883 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07505-x (2024).
Chen, B., Eddaoudi, M., Hyde, S. T., O’Keeffe, M. & Yaghi, O. M. Interwoven metal–organic framework on a periodic minimal surface with extra-large pores. Science 291, 1021–1023 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1056598 (2001).
Sheepwash, E. et al. Supramolecular polymers based on dative boron–nitrogen bonds. Chem. Commun. 48, 7808–7810 https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CC34231F (2012).
Christinat, N., Scopelliti, R. & Severin, K. Multicomponent assembly of boron-based dendritic nanostructures. J. Org. Chem. 72, 2192–2200 https://doi.org/10.1021/jo062607p (2007).
Vidal, F., Gomezcoello, J., Lalancette, R. A. & Jäkle, F. Lewis pairs as highly tunable dynamic cross-links in transient polymer networks. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 15963–15971 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b07452 (2019).
Liang, Y. et al. Organo-macrocycle-containing hierarchical metal–organic frameworks and cages: design, structures, and applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 51, 8378–8405 https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cs00232a (2022).
Strutt, N. L. et al. Incorporation of an A1/A2-difunctionalized pillar[5]arene into a metal–organic framework. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 17436–17439 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja3082523 (2012).
Zhao, Y. et al. Macrocycle with equatorial coordination sites provides new opportunity for structure-diverse metallacages. Molecules 28, 2537 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062537 (2023).
Kojima, T., Nishida, J.-I., Tokito, S. & Yamashita, Y. Development of organic electronic devices using boronate esters and related heterocycles. Chem. Lett. 37, 1122–1123 https://doi.org/10.1246/cl.2008.1122 (2008).
Taylor, R. C. & Cluff, C. L. Vibrational frequency associated with the boron–nitrogen dative bond in amine boranes. Nature 182, 390–391 https://doi.org/10.1038/182390a0 (1958).
Lu, T. & Chen, F. Multiwfn: a multifunctional wavefunction analyzer. J. Comput. Chem. 33, 580–592 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.22885 (2012).
Lu, T. A comprehensive electron wavefunction analysis toolbox for chemists, Multiwfn. J. Chem. Phys. 161, 082503 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0216272 (2024).
Frateloreto, F. et al. The dynamic chemistry of the boron–nitrogen bond. Chem. Sci. 17, 2582–2591 https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SC07665J (2026).
Xiao, X. et al. Formation of polyrotaxane crystals driven by dative boron–nitrogen bonds. Sci. Adv. 9, eadi1169 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi1169 (2023).
Dietrich-Buchecker, C. O. & Sauvage, J.-P. A synthetic molecular trefoil knot. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 28, 189–192 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.198901891 (1989).
Ponnuswamy, N., Cougnon, F. B. L., Pantoş, G. D. & Sanders, J. K. M. Homochiral and meso figure eight knots and a Solomon link. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 8243–8251 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja4125884 (2014).
Danon, J. J. et al. Braiding a molecular knot with eight crossings. Science 355, 159–162 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal1619 (2017).
Goldup, S. M. The end of the beginning of mechanical stereochemistry. Acc. Chem. Res. 57, 1696–1708 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00195 (2024).
Jędrzejewska, H. & Szumna, A. Making a right or left choice: chiral self-sorting as a tool for the formation of discrete complex structures. Chem. Rev. 117, 4863–4899 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00745 (2017).
Ashbridge, Z. et al. Vernier template synthesis of molecular knots. Science 375, 1035–1041 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm9247 (2022).
Alexander, J. W. & Briggs, G. B. On types of knotted curves. Ann. Math. 28, 562–586 (1926).
Varughese, S., Kiran, M. S. R. N., Ramamurty, U. & Desiraju, G. R. Nanoindentation in crystal engineering: quantifying mechanical properties of molecular crystals. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 2701–2712 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201205002 (2013).
Karothu, D. P. et al. Global analysis of the mechanical properties of organic crystals. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202113988 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202113988 (2022).
Wang, C. & Sun, C. C. The landscape of mechanical properties of molecular crystals. CrystEngComm 22, 1149–1153 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CE01874C (2020).
Thompson, A. J. et al. Origins of elasticity in molecular materials. Nat. Mater. 24, 356–360 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02133-w (2025).
Gaillac, R., Pullumbi, P. & Coudert, F.-X. ELATE: an open-source online application for analysis and visualization of elastic tensors. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 28, 275201 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/28/27/275201 (2016).
Meekel, E. G. et al. Enhanced elastic stability of a topologically disordered crystalline metal–organic framework. Nat. Mater. 23, 1245–1251 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01960-7 (2024).
Feriante, C. H. et al. Rapid synthesis of high surface area imine-linked 2D covalent organic frameworks by avoiding pore collapse during isolation. Adv. Mater. 32, 1905776 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905776 (2020).
Zhao, C. et al. Urea-linked covalent organic frameworks. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 16438–16441 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b10612 (2018).
Sick, T. et al. Switching on and off interlayer correlations and porosity in 2D covalent organic frameworks. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 12570–12581 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b02800 (2019).
Sholl, D. S. & Lively, R. P. Seven chemical separations to change the world. Nature 532, 435–437 https://doi.org/10.1038/532435a (2016).
Yang, S. et al. Separation of multicomponent aromatic/aliphatic mixtures by simulated moving bed adsorption: modeling and experiments. AIChE J. 67, e17375 https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.17375 (2021).
